Light scanners work by projecting light patterns onto an object and using cameras to capture how the light deforms across its surface. This deformation provides the necessary data to reconstruct the object's 3D shape.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Projecting Light
- Light Source: The scanner projects a structured light pattern, typically a laser line, a grid of lines, or a series of patterns, onto the object.
- Types of Light: Different scanners utilize various types of light, including:
- Lasers: Offer precision and are frequently used in high-resolution scanners.
- White Light: Less sensitive to ambient light and often used for larger objects.
- Infrared Light: Can be used in low-light conditions.
Capturing the Deformation
- Cameras: One or more cameras, positioned at a known distance and angle from the light source, capture the light pattern as it reflects off the object's surface.
- Distortion Analysis: The scanner analyzes how the projected light pattern is distorted by the object's shape. Areas where the light bends significantly indicate changes in depth and surface geometry.
Reconstructing the 3D Model
- Triangulation: The core principle is triangulation. By knowing the angle of the projected light, the position of the camera, and the distortion of the light pattern, the scanner can calculate the 3D coordinates of points on the object's surface.
- Data Processing: Sophisticated algorithms process the captured images to extract 3D point cloud data.
- Model Creation: The point cloud data is then used to create a 3D model of the object. This process often involves:
- Registration: Merging data from multiple scans.
- Mesh Generation: Creating a surface mesh from the point cloud.
- Texturing: Applying color and texture to the mesh to create a realistic 3D model.
Summary Table: Light Scanner Components and Functions
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Light Projector | Projects a structured light pattern onto the object. |
| Camera(s) | Capture(s) the distortion of the light pattern. |
| Processing Unit | Analyzes the captured images and reconstructs the 3D model using triangulation. |
In essence, light scanners use structured light and cameras to "see" the shape of an object and translate that visual information into a digital 3D model.
