The Array tool in 3ds Max is a powerful feature for quickly creating multiple copies of objects in a linear, radial, or grid-like pattern, applying transformations (move, rotate, scale) to each subsequent copy.
To start using the Array tool, you first need to access it within 3ds Max. There are several ways to find the Array dialog box:
Accessing the Array Tool
The location of the Array tool might vary slightly depending on your workspace setup or the version of 3ds Max you are using. Here are the common places to find it:
- Using the Extras Toolbar: If visible, look for the Array button on the Extras toolbar. It might be located on a flyout menu, often labelled simply "Array".
- Through the Default Menu: In the standard menu layout, you can find the Array tool under the Tools menu.
- Via the Alt Menu: If you are using the Alt menu system, the Array tool is typically nested under Edit > Duplicate > Array.
Here’s a quick summary of the access points:
| Menu/Toolbar | Path |
|---|---|
| Extras Toolbar | Array (on Array flyout) |
| Default Menu System | Tools > Array |
| Alt Menu System | Edit > Duplicate > Array |
Understanding the Array Dialog
Once you open the Array dialog box, you'll see various parameters that control how copies are generated. The tool lets you define transformations (Move, Rotate, Scale) across one, two, or three dimensions (1D, 2D, 3D).
Key Parameters and How They Work
The Array tool essentially calculates the final position, rotation, and scale for each copy based on the values you input.
- Total In Array / Count: This is the most fundamental setting. You specify the total number of copies you want, including the original object.
- Increment vs. Total: For Move, Rotate, and Scale, you can define transformations in two ways:
- Incremental: Define the transformation applied between each consecutive copy. For example, an incremental Move of (10,0,0) will move the second copy 10 units from the first, the third 10 units from the second (20 from the first), and so on.
- Total: Define the transformation applied between the first copy and the last copy in the array. The tool automatically divides this total transformation equally among all the copies. For example, a total Move of (100,0,0) with a count of 11 objects (1 original + 10 copies) would result in each copy being 10 units further along the X-axis than the previous one (100 / (11-1) = 10).
- Dimensions (1D, 2D, 3D):
- 1D: Creates a single line of objects. You define transformations for the first dimension only.
- 2D: Creates a grid or radial pattern in a plane. You define transformations for the first and second dimensions, including counts for each.
- 3D: Creates a volume of objects. You define transformations and counts for all three dimensions.
- Type of Array:
- Copy: Creates independent copies of the object.
- Instance: Creates instance copies, where changes to one object affect all others (except transformations applied by the array). This is memory efficient.
- Reference: Creates reference copies, similar to instances but with the ability to add unique modifiers on top of shared ones.
Using the Preview
Before committing to the array, always use the Preview button. This shows you exactly how the array will look with the current settings. You can adjust parameters and see the result instantly without creating the objects permanently.
Step-by-Step Usage Example (1D Array)
Let's say you want to create a row of 10 identical fence posts, each 5 units apart along the X-axis.
- Select the object you want to array (your fence post).
- Open the Array dialog using one of the methods described above (e.g., Tools > Array).
- In the dialog:
- Set the Count in the 1D section to 10.
- Under Move, select Incremental.
- Enter
5in the X coordinate field. Ensure the Y and Z fields are0. - Ensure Rotate and Scale are set to
0and100%respectively, or whatever default you need. - Choose Copy or Instance under Type of Object. Instance is usually better for identical objects like this.
- Click Preview. You should see 10 fence posts in a line, 5 units apart.
- If it looks correct, click OK. If not, adjust the values and click Preview again.
Practical Tips
- Use Instance copies whenever possible to save memory and facilitate quick updates to all objects in the array.
- For radial arrays (e.g., spokes on a wheel), use the Rotate parameter in a 2D array, often around the Z-axis, centered correctly.
- Experiment with both Incremental and Total methods to see which makes calculating the desired result easier for a given task.
- The Reset button is useful to clear all parameters and start fresh.
By understanding where to find the tool and how its core parameters work, you can effectively use the Array feature to streamline repetitive tasks in 3ds Max.
