5G operates across two primary frequency ranges: Frequency Range 1 (FR1) from 450 MHz to 6 GHz, and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz.
5G Frequency Bands Explained
5G utilizes a broader spectrum than its predecessors, allowing for faster speeds and greater capacity. These frequencies are divided into two main ranges:
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Frequency Range 1 (FR1): This range, also known as sub-6 GHz, extends from 450 MHz to 6 GHz. It's similar to the frequencies used by 4G LTE, providing broader coverage and better penetration through obstacles. Think of it as the "workhorse" of 5G, ensuring reliable connectivity over wider areas.
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Frequency Range 2 (FR2): This range, often called mmWave (millimeter wave), spans from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. mmWave frequencies enable incredibly high speeds and low latency, ideal for applications like virtual reality, augmented reality, and industrial automation. However, mmWave signals have a shorter range and are more susceptible to interference from buildings and other obstructions.
Comparison of FR1 and FR2
| Feature | Frequency Range 1 (FR1) | Frequency Range 2 (FR2) |
|---|---|---|
| Frequency | 450 MHz - 6 GHz | 24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz |
| Name | Sub-6 GHz | mmWave |
| Coverage | Wider | Shorter |
| Speed | Moderate | Very High |
| Penetration | Better | Poorer |
| Applications | General use, IoT | VR/AR, Industrial Automation |
Why the Different Frequency Ranges?
Using different frequency ranges allows 5G to cater to various needs. The lower frequencies (FR1) provide a balance between speed and coverage, making them suitable for general mobile use and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The higher frequencies (FR2) offer unparalleled speeds but are better suited for dense urban environments and applications demanding ultra-low latency. Deploying both frequency ranges allows operators to provide a versatile and optimized 5G experience.
