Drawing arterial blood gas (ABG) requires precision and adherence to sterile technique. This procedure is typically performed by trained medical professionals. The steps outlined below summarize the key actions involved. Always refer to your institution's protocols and receive appropriate training before attempting this procedure.
Step-by-Step ABG Blood Draw
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Preparation: Select an appropriate artery (radial artery is commonly used). Ensure the patient's informed consent and assess for contraindications. Prepare the site with antiseptic.
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Heparinization: Flush the needle with heparin to prevent clotting. This step is crucial, as mentioned in the provided reference: “Flush heparin through the needle.”
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Needle Insertion: Insert the ABG needle into the artery at a suitable angle (often 30 degrees), aiming for the point of maximum pulsation. “Insert the ABG needle.” “Insert the needle at 30 degrees to the skin at the point of maximum pulsation of the radial artery. Advance the needle until arterial blood...” (Medistudents)
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Flashback: Observe for a flash of blood entering the needle hub, confirming arterial puncture. “Advance the needle and observe for flashback.”
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Sample Collection: Allow the syringe to self-fill with arterial blood. “Allow syringe to self-fill.”
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Needle Removal & Pressure: Remove the needle and immediately apply firm pressure to the puncture site to prevent hematoma formation. “Remove the needle and apply immediate pressure.”
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Safety: Engage the needle safety device. “Engage needle safety device.”
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Sample Handling: The collected sample should be handled immediately according to the lab's requirements (usually placed on ice to maintain anaerobic conditions). “Arterial blood samples should be obtained in strict anaerobic conditions and should be placed on ice and held at 0° C until analysis.” (eMedicine)
Important Considerations
- Patient comfort: Explain the procedure to the patient, ensuring their understanding and cooperation.
- Aseptic technique: Maintaining sterile conditions throughout the process is paramount to prevent infection.
- Allergies: Check for any allergies to the anticoagulant (heparin) or antiseptic used.
- Complications: Be prepared to manage potential complications such as hematoma formation, nerve damage, or arterial spasm.
