The best site for arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling is the radial artery.
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Sampling Sites
Arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling is a common procedure used to measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other important substances in arterial blood. While several sites can be used for ABG sampling, the radial artery is most often the preferred location.
Why the Radial Artery?
The radial artery is chosen most often for ABG sampling for several reasons:
- Accessibility: The radial artery is easily accessible and palpable at the wrist.
- Superficial Location: It lies relatively close to the surface of the skin, which makes it easier to locate and puncture.
- Collateral Circulation: The ulnar artery provides collateral circulation to the hand. This reduces the risk of significant ischemia if the radial artery is damaged during sampling.
ABG Sampling Procedure
According to the references, the operator usually aspirates the sample using a syringe by withdrawing the plunger. This procedure is used for other ABG sampling syringes as well. The commonly used radial artery site is sampled using this technique.
Other Potential ABG Sampling Sites
While the radial artery is the most common site, other sites can be used if it is not accessible:
- Brachial Artery: Located in the inner upper arm, it is an alternative if the radial artery is not accessible.
- Femoral Artery: Located in the groin, this is typically used in emergency situations because it is a larger vessel and easier to locate.
Summary
| Artery | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Radial Artery | Accessible, superficial, good collateral circulation | Can be difficult in hypotensive patients |
| Brachial Artery | Accessible if radial artery isn’t, good vessel size. | Greater risk of bleeding |
| Femoral Artery | Large vessel, accessible in emergencies | Higher risk of complications; not usually used unless other options aren't available |
