How Does AC PCB Work?

The AC PCB (Printed Circuit Board) acts as the brain of your air conditioning unit, controlling all its functions.

According to the reference, the air conditioner PCB controls the device through circuit connections. Electronic components are laid out and connected on the circuit board according to specific circuit designs, forming a complete circuit system.

The Core Function: Control and Communication

Essentially, the AC PCB receives commands (like temperature settings, mode selection) and environmental data (like current room temperature). It then processes this information using integrated circuits and other components. Based on the programmed logic and the inputs received, the PCB sends signals to various parts of the AC system to operate them correctly.

Here's a breakdown of the key functions:

• Receiving Inputs: The PCB gets information from sensors (temperature, humidity, etc.) and user interfaces (remote control, front panel buttons).
• Processing Data: Microcontrollers and other electronic components on the board interpret the inputs and determine the required actions based on pre-programmed instructions.
• Sending Outputs: The PCB sends commands to actuators and power components that control the operation of:
  • The compressor (starting, stopping, speed in inverter models)
  • Fan motors (indoor and outdoor, speed control)
  • Mode selection (cooling, heating, fan-only, dry)
  • Louvre movement
  • Display panel
  • Safety features (overload protection, etc.)

How the Components Work Together

The intricate layout of electronic components on the PCB is crucial. These components include:

• Microcontroller/Processor: The main "brain" that runs the software logic.
• Relays/Triacs: Switches used to turn high-power components like the compressor and fans on or off.
• Sensors: Provide feedback data (e.g., thermistors for temperature sensing).
• Power Supply Circuitry: Converts the incoming AC voltage to the lower DC voltages needed by the electronic components.
• Communication Chips: Handle communication with the remote control receiver or Wi-Fi module (in smart ACs).
• Capacitors and Resistors: Essential components for filtering, timing, and regulating current flow.

Think of the PCB as a central nervous system. It takes in stimuli (commands, sensor readings), processes them, and sends out signals to make the body (the AC unit) perform specific actions.

Practical Examples of PCB Control

Let's look at a simple example: changing the temperature.

1. You press the "Cooler" button on the remote.
2. The remote sends an infrared signal.
3. The IR receiver on the AC unit (connected to the PCB) detects the signal.
4. The PCB processes the signal, understands it's a command to lower the set temperature.
5. The PCB updates the target temperature stored in its memory.
6. It then continuously compares the current room temperature (from the sensor) to the target temperature.
7. If the room temperature is higher than the target, the PCB signals the compressor and fan to run, initiating the cooling process.
8. Once the room reaches the target temperature, the PCB signals the compressor to turn off while often keeping the fan running to circulate air.

This seamless coordination of components, all controlled by the circuit connections and electronic layout on the PCB, allows the air conditioner to operate efficiently and maintain the desired climate.