A theoretical review is a specific type of literature review that delves into the existing theories relevant to a research topic. According to the provided reference, a theoretical literature review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.
Understanding the Purpose
At its core, a theoretical review serves as the foundation for research by mapping out the theoretical landscape of a subject. It's not just a summary of studies, but a critical analysis of the conceptual frameworks and models that underpin research in a particular field.
Key Functions of a Theoretical Review:
- Identify Existing Theories: Discovering and listing the main theories related to the topic.
- Analyze Relationships: Examining how different theories connect, conflict, or complement each other.
- Assess Investigation Level: Determining how thoroughly each theory has been tested or explored in previous research.
- Develop New Hypotheses: Using the insights gained to formulate new, testable predictions.
Components Based on the Reference
Based on the description, a theoretical review involves several key steps or outcomes:
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Existing Theories | Identification of relevant theoretical frameworks. |
| Inter-Theory Relationships | Analysis of connections, differences, or integration points between theories. |
| Extent of Investigation | Evaluation of the empirical support or research coverage for theories. |
| Hypothesis Generation | Formulation of new, testable ideas stemming from the theoretical analysis. |
Why Conduct a Theoretical Review?
Engaging in a theoretical review provides crucial context and direction for research.
- It positions the research within the broader academic discourse.
- It helps identify gaps where theories are underdeveloped or untested.
- It informs the choice of theoretical framework for a new study.
- It contributes to the development of theory itself by highlighting areas for refinement or extension.
Practical Insight
Imagine you are studying workplace motivation. A theoretical review wouldn't just list studies on motivation techniques. Instead, it would explore theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Self-Determination Theory, Expectancy Theory, and Equity Theory. It would look at:
- What these theories propose about motivation.
- How they relate (e.g., Do they explain different aspects? Are they competing ideas?).
- How much research has specifically tested each theory's claims.
- What new questions arise from comparing these theories or noticing where they haven't been fully tested in certain contexts (leading to new hypotheses).
This deep dive into theory ensures that new research builds meaningfully on established knowledge.
