Lipomatosis is a condition characterized by the excessive growth and accumulation of fat tissue in various parts of the body. It's not a single disease but rather an umbrella term encompassing several conditions, each with varying presentations and causes. While often benign, lipomatosis can sometimes cause compression of nerves or other structures, leading to pain or functional impairment.
Types and Causes of Lipomatosis
Several forms of lipomatosis exist, including:
- Diffuse Lipomatosis: This involves the overgrowth of adipose tissue affecting large areas of an extremity or the trunk. It can be asymmetrical or even congenital. [Source: ScienceDirect]
- Familial Multiple Lipomatosis: This is a genetic condition characterized by the development of multiple lipomas (individual fat lumps) throughout the body. [Source: Medical News Today]
- Dercum's Disease and Roch-Leri Mesosomatous Lipomatosis: These are rarer, poorly understood forms of lipomatosis. [Source: NCBI PMC]
- Steroid-Induced Lipomatosis: This specific type is a consequence of long-term steroid use, which stimulates the redistribution of fat. This can lead to fat deposits in areas like the epidural space, potentially causing spinal cord compression. [Source: Provided reference]
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms vary greatly depending on the type and location of the fat accumulation. Some individuals may experience only cosmetic concerns, while others suffer from pain, pressure, or functional limitations. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is typically used for diagnosis, especially in cases of suspected spinal cord compression.
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the specific type, severity, and location of the lipomatosis. For cosmetic concerns or mild symptoms, observation may be sufficient. However, surgical removal of excess fat tissue might be necessary in cases of significant pain, nerve compression, or functional impairment.
Distinguishing Lipomatosis from Lipomas
It's crucial to differentiate lipomatosis from a lipoma. A lipoma is a single, usually encapsulated, benign tumor of fat cells under the skin. Lipomatosis, on the other hand, involves the diffuse overgrowth of fat tissue across larger areas of the body. While lipomas are common and usually harmless [Source: Mayo Clinic, healthdirect], lipomatosis can have more significant implications depending on its type and location.
