ADP protein refers to a protein that is modified by ADP-ribosylation. ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification where one or more ADP-ribose units are added to a protein. This modification can alter the protein's function, impacting various cellular processes like DNA repair, cell proliferation, and immune responses.
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible process, meaning that the ADP-ribose units can be removed from the protein, restoring its original function. It is carried out by a family of enzymes known as ADP-ribosyltransferases, which use NAD+ as a substrate.
Some examples of ADP-ribosylated proteins include:
- ARF GTPase activating protein 1 (ARFGAP1), which associates with the Golgi apparatus and interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)
- Histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1), which regulates ADP-ribosylation signaling in the nucleus
- ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2 (ARL2), a small GTP-binding protein involved in intracellular signaling pathways
ADP-ribosylation plays a vital role in many biological processes, and its dysregulation has been linked to various diseases.
