Air filters are rated using specific performance scales that indicate their ability to capture particles of different sizes. This helps consumers choose the right filter for their needs, whether it's for basic dust control or capturing smaller allergens and bacteria. While several systems exist, two common ones are the Air Filter Performance Rating (FPR) and the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV).
The Home Depot Air Filter Performance Rating (FPR)
The Home Depot utilizes its own proprietary system called the Air Filter Performance Rating (FPR). This system provides a clear way to compare the effectiveness of different filters sold in their stores.
Based on performance metrics, The FPR creates a weighted average for each filter, which is then ranked on a 1 to 12 scale, with 1 being the lowest performance and 12 being the highest performance air filter. This scale helps consumers quickly identify how well a filter is expected to perform. Generally, filters with higher FPR ratings are more effective at capturing smaller particles and improving indoor air quality.
Choosing filters with better FPR ratings is recommended. As the reference states, The best air filters for home use are those with the best FPR ratings.
Here's a general breakdown of what different FPR levels typically represent:
-
FPR 1-3 (Basic): Filters large particles like lint and dust mites. Suitable for basic system protection.
-
FPR 4-5 (Good): Captures household dust, pollen, and pet dander. A step up for general air quality.
-
FPR 6-7 (Better): Filters finer particles, including mold spores and some bacteria. Offers improved protection against common allergens.
-
FPR 8-10 (Best): Highly effective at trapping very small particles like pet dander, smoke, smog, and microscopic allergens. Recommended for homes with allergy sufferers.
-
FPR 11-12 (Premium): Provides superior filtration for extremely fine particles, including bacteria and viruses. Offers the highest level of air purification.
-
Note: Always check your HVAC system's manual for the maximum FPR rating it can handle, as using a filter that is too restrictive can reduce airflow and potentially damage the system.
Other Rating Systems
While FPR is specific to The Home Depot, another widely recognized rating system is the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV). The MERV scale ranges from 1 to 20, with higher numbers indicating greater efficiency at capturing smaller particles. MERV ratings are often found on filters from various manufacturers and retailers.
- MERV 1-4: Basic filtration for large particles.
- MERV 5-8: Good filtration for common household allergens like dust mites, mold spores, and pet dander.
- MERV 9-12: Better filtration, capturing smaller particles like auto emissions and finer dust.
- MERV 13-16: High efficiency, capable of filtering bacteria and virus carriers. Often used in hospitals.
- MERV 17-20: Highest level of filtration, used in clean rooms and surgical suites.
Understanding these rating systems helps you choose the right air filter to protect your HVAC system and improve the air quality in your home.
