A plane is neither fully automatic nor fully manual; it operates using a combination of both systems.
Airplane Operation: A Blend of Manual and Automatic
While it's true that modern aircraft are equipped with sophisticated automation, it's essential to understand that pilot involvement is always required for a safe flight. The level of automation varies depending on the phase of flight and the specific aircraft.
Takeoff is Manual
- As the reference states, takeoff is always achieved manually. The pilot is responsible for controlling the aircraft's thrust, pitch, and roll during the crucial takeoff phase.
Landing: A Choice of Methods
- Planes can land automatically using an Instrument Landing System (ILS) coupled with onboard equipment, but most pilots prefer to perform a manual landing given the choice.
- Automatic landings depend on the airport's facilities and the aircraft's capabilities.
- Pilots are trained to land both manually and automatically and choose based on the conditions and their assessment of the situation.
Automation in Other Phases of Flight
While takeoff and landing are critical phases, automation plays a large role in other aspects of flight:
- Autopilot: Used during cruise and can control altitude, speed, and heading. It greatly reduces pilot workload on long flights.
- Flight Management System (FMS): Manages the navigation and performance of the aircraft. It calculates the most efficient route and manages fuel consumption.
Pilot's Role Remains Central
Even with advanced automation, the pilot remains the ultimate authority:
- Pilots monitor the automation at all times and are trained to take manual control when necessary.
- They are responsible for making decisions and ensuring the safety of the flight.
- Automation is a tool that assists, not replaces, a skilled pilot.
Conclusion
Therefore, the operation of a plane involves a carefully managed combination of manual control and automated systems, with pilots maintaining a critical role throughout each flight.
