Aircraft utilize a variety of engines, primarily categorized as piston engines and gas turbines. The choice depends on factors like aircraft size, speed, and intended use.
Piston Engines
Piston engines, similar to those found in cars but with significant design differences, power smaller aircraft like general aviation planes and some older airliners. They are relatively simple and require less maintenance compared to gas turbines, making them cost-effective for smaller operations. However, they are less efficient at higher speeds and altitudes. Examples include radial and inline engines used in World War II aircraft. Source: Wikipedia - Aircraft engine
Gas Turbines
Gas turbines are the dominant engine type in modern aviation, particularly for larger aircraft. They offer higher power-to-weight ratios and superior performance at high speeds and altitudes. There are several subtypes of gas turbines:
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Turbojets: These were among the earliest jet engines and produce thrust primarily by accelerating a high-velocity exhaust. While used in some older commercial aircraft and private jets, they are less fuel-efficient than other gas turbine types. Source: NASA Glenn Research Center - Engines Source: Airpower Inc. - Types of Aircraft Engines
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Turbofans: These are the most common engines in modern commercial airliners. They combine a large fan for high bypass ratio with a core jet engine to provide efficient thrust. The CFM56 is a prime example, a best-selling engine powering thousands of aircraft. Source: CFM International - CFM56
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Turboprops: These engines combine a gas turbine with a propeller, offering a balance of speed and fuel efficiency. They are used in smaller airliners and some regional aircraft. Source: NASA Glenn Research Center - Engines Source: Eas BCN - Aircraft engines: types and characteristics
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Turboshaft: These engines, similar to turboprops, primarily generate torque to drive a rotor, making them ideal for helicopters. Source: Spartan College - Different Types of Aircraft Engines
While other types exist, such as rocket engines (primarily for space launch vehicles) and electric motors (gaining popularity in small unmanned aerial vehicles), piston engines and gas turbines remain the prevalent power sources for most aircraft. The choice depends on the specific application and performance requirements. Source: SKYbrary Aviation Safety - Engine
