Yes, diatoms can cause algal blooms, specifically harmful algal blooms (HABs).
Harmful algal blooms, often referred to as HABs, are proliferations of microscopic plant-like organisms living in water called phytoplankton. While many phytoplankton species are essential components of aquatic ecosystems, certain types can multiply rapidly under favorable conditions, leading to blooms.
According to the provided reference, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are caused by phytoplankton, microscopic plant-like organisms that live in water. Three types of phytoplankton are the cause of most HABs: cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, and diatoms. This directly confirms that diatoms are among the types of phytoplankton responsible for causing algal blooms.
What Are Diatoms?
Diatoms are a major group of algae, and they are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. They are characterized by their intricate cell walls made of silica, often described as a glass box or frustule. Diatoms are found in oceans, freshwater lakes, and rivers.
How Diatoms Contribute to Algal Blooms
Diatoms, like other phytoplankton, can undergo rapid population growth when nutrients (such as nitrates and phosphates) are abundant and environmental conditions (like temperature and light) are suitable. This rapid growth can lead to a bloom, where their numbers become so high that they can discolor the water.
While not all diatom blooms are harmful, some species can produce toxins, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs). For instance, certain Pseudo-nitzschia species of diatoms produce domoic acid, a neurotoxin that can accumulate in shellfish and fish, causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans and harm to marine wildlife.
Types of Phytoplankton Causing HABs
Based on the reference, the primary culprits behind most harmful algal blooms are:
- Cyanobacteria: Often referred to as blue-green algae, though they are bacteria. Common in freshwater systems.
- Dinoflagellates: Single-celled organisms with two flagella, found in both freshwater and marine environments. Many are known toxin producers.
- Diatoms: Unicellular algae with silica cell walls, abundant in both freshwater and marine habitats. Some species produce toxins.
Here's a quick look at these types as highlighted by the reference:
| Phytoplankton Type | Role in HABs |
|---|---|
| Cyanobacteria | Cause most HABs |
| Dinoflagellates | Cause most HABs |
| Diatoms | Cause most HABs |
Understanding which types of phytoplankton are capable of forming blooms, and which specific species within those types can produce toxins, is crucial for monitoring and managing water quality.
