The best treatment for allergy depends on the type and severity of the allergy. In general, the most effective treatments are avoiding the allergen, medications, and immunotherapy.
- Avoiding the allergen is the most effective way to prevent allergy symptoms. For example, people with pollen allergies can avoid going outside during peak pollen season, or people with food allergies can avoid eating the offending foods.
- Medications can be used to relieve allergy symptoms. Common medications include:
- Antihistamines, which block histamine, a trigger of allergic swelling, and can calm sneezing, itching, runny nose, and hives. They come in pills, liquids, melting tablets, or nose sprays. These treat seasonal and indoor allergies.
- Nasal corticosteroids, which are nasal sprays that reduce swelling, are generally the most effective medication for people with allergic rhinitis symptoms.
- Cromolyn sodium nasal spray, which blocks the release of immune system agents that cause symptoms, is best used before allergy season begins.
- Immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots or drops, is a long-term treatment that can help to desensitize the body to the allergen. It is the most effective treatment for severe allergies, but it can take several months or even years to work.
In addition to these treatments, your doctor may recommend other measures, such as using a humidifier to add moisture to the air, taking a hot shower to help clear the sinuses, or washing your bedding regularly to remove dust mites.
It's important to consult with your doctor to discuss your specific allergy symptoms and receive personalized treatment recommendations.
