The epidural space is the area immediately outside the dura mater (the outermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord) within the spinal canal.
In more detail:
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Location: The epidural space exists as a potential space that spans from the base of the skull all the way down to the sacral hiatus (an opening in the sacrum).
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Contents: Unlike a truly "empty" space, the epidural space contains:
- Blood vessels: These vessels provide nourishment and drainage for the spinal cord and surrounding structures.
- Fatty tissue: This tissue acts as a cushion, protecting the spinal cord.
- Fibrous connective tissue: This tissue provides structural support.
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Significance: The epidural space is a primary target for epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Medications injected into this space can block nerve signals, providing pain relief (e.g., during childbirth or after surgery).
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Non-uniformity: The contents of the epidural space are not evenly distributed; there can be variations in the amount of fatty tissue and blood vessels present.
