The trigeminal nerve controls the masseter and the temporal muscle (temporalis), among others involved in mastication (chewing).
Trigeminal Nerve and Muscle Control
The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) is a mixed nerve, meaning it has both sensory and motor functions. The mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve specifically controls motor functions for several muscles in the head and neck, with a primary role in controlling the muscles of mastication.
Key Muscles Controlled by the Trigeminal Nerve
The mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve controls the following:
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Muscles of Mastication (Chewing):
- Masseter: Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw).
- Temporalis (Temporal Muscle): Elevates and retracts the mandible.
- Medial Pterygoid: Elevates the mandible and assists in side-to-side movement.
- Lateral Pterygoid: Depresses and protracts the mandible and assists in side-to-side movement.
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Other Muscles:
- Mylohyoid: Elevates the hyoid bone and floor of the mouth.
- Anterior belly of the digastric: Depresses the mandible or elevates the hyoid bone.
- Tensor veli palatini: Tenses the soft palate.
- Tensor tympani: Dampens sound in the middle ear.
Therefore, while the trigeminal nerve controls several muscles, the masseter and temporal muscles are crucial examples due to their prominent role in chewing.
