The 26 bones of the spine are called vertebrae.
The vertebral column, also known as the spine or backbone, is a crucial structure providing support, flexibility, and protection for the spinal cord. It's composed of individual bones, the vertebrae, connected by intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles. While the total number is typically 33 at birth, several vertebrae fuse during development, resulting in 26 bones in the adult spine.
The spine is divided into five distinct regions, each with a specific number of vertebrae:
- Cervical Spine (Neck): Composed of 7 vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7. These vertebrae support the head and allow for a wide range of neck movements.
- Thoracic Spine (Mid-Back): Consists of 12 vertebrae, labeled T1 to T12. These vertebrae articulate with the ribs and contribute to the structure of the rib cage.
- Lumbar Spine (Lower Back): Contains 5 vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5. These are the largest and strongest vertebrae, bearing the majority of the body's weight.
- Sacrum: Formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae into a single bone in adulthood. It connects the spine to the pelvis.
- Coccyx (Tailbone): Typically formed by the fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae into a single bone. It provides attachment points for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor.
In summary, the individual bones that make up the spinal column, providing support, flexibility, and protection for the spinal cord, are known as vertebrae.
