The calcaneus, also known as the heel bone, is the bone at the back of the foot that forms the heel.
Detailed Explanation
The calcaneus is a crucial bone in the foot, performing several vital functions:
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Weight Bearing: It's the largest of the tarsal bones and bears the brunt of body weight during standing and walking.
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Leverage: The Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneus, providing leverage for plantarflexion (pointing the toes downward), essential for walking, running, and jumping.
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Structure: It provides the foundation for the heel and contributes to the overall arch structure of the foot.
Key Features
Here's a breakdown of important characteristics:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Location | Located at the posterior (back) aspect of the foot, forming the heel. |
| Articulation | Articulates with the talus (ankle bone) and the cuboid bone. |
| Achilles Tendon | The Achilles tendon inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus. |
Clinical Significance
The calcaneus is susceptible to various injuries and conditions, including:
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Calcaneal Fractures: Breaks in the calcaneus, often due to high-impact trauma.
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Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the calcaneus to the toes.
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Achilles Tendinitis: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which attaches to the calcaneus.
The calcaneus is an essential bone in the foot, providing support, leverage, and structure that are critical for mobility and weight bearing.
