The last of the ancient Egyptian dynasties ended when Egypt became a province of the Roman Republic.
Specifically, the end came about because of the following:
- Roman Conquest: In 30 B.C., Cleopatra and Marc Antony were defeated by the Roman Emperor Octavian (Augustus). This defeat marked the end of independent Egyptian rule and the beginning of Roman control.
- Absorption into Roman Republic: Following the defeat, Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Republic as a province. This effectively ended the reign of the pharaohs and the system of dynastic rule that had characterized ancient Egypt for millennia.
In summary, the Roman conquest and subsequent annexation of Egypt into the Roman Republic led to the termination of the dynastic system in ancient Egypt.
