London's oldest known name is Londinium, a Latinized form attested in the first century AD. This name was used by the Romans when they founded the settlement as a commercial center in Roman Britain. Later, after the Roman period, the name evolved. Alfred the Great, in 886 AD, enhanced its defenses, leading to the name Lundenburh, meaning "the fortified town of London." The modern name "London" is a descendant of these earlier forms. The etymology of the original name remains uncertain, however, with a long history of interpretations and speculation.
Evolution of London's Name: A Timeline
- Londinium: The Roman name, used from the first century AD.
- Lundenburh: A name used after the Roman period, reflecting the fortified nature of the settlement.
- London: The modern evolution of the earlier names.
The exact origins of the name's root are debated, with various theories proposed. The name Lunden, often cited as an older form, is a modern interpretation, tracing back to Old Norse.
Key References and Insights:
- Wikipedia (London): Confirms the ancient nature of the name and its Latinized form, Londinium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London
- Wikipedia (Etymology of London): Highlights the uncertainty surrounding the origin of the name and the presence of various mythical interpretations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_London
- History.com (London: A History): Briefly mentions London's establishment and growth during the reign of Queen Victoria but does not directly address the old name. https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/london-england
- Londonist (How London Got Its Name): Mentions Lundenburh, explaining its meaning as "the fortified town of London." https://londonist.com/2014/01/how-london-got-its-name
