The animal currently recognized as having the maximum lifespan (max age) is the Greenland shark.
Greenland Sharks: Masters of Longevity
Greenland sharks ( Somniosus microcephalus) are known as the longest-living vertebrates on Earth. Researchers have estimated that some individuals may live for 400 years or even longer, with a significant margin of error suggesting a potential lifespan exceeding 500 years. This extraordinary longevity is attributed to their slow growth rate and extremely low metabolic rate in the cold Arctic waters they inhabit.
Key Factors Contributing to Greenland Shark's Longevity:
- Slow Growth Rate: Greenland sharks grow at an incredibly slow pace, only about 1 cm per year. This slow growth contributes significantly to their long lifespans.
- Cold Environment: The frigid waters of the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans slow down metabolic processes, which can reduce cellular damage and aging.
- Late Maturity: Greenland sharks don't reach sexual maturity until they are over 150 years old, further extending their overall lifespan.
Other Long-Lived Animals:
While Greenland sharks hold the top spot for vertebrates, other animals also boast impressive lifespans:
- Ocean Quahog Clams: These clams can live for over 500 years.
- Giant Tortoises: Some species of giant tortoises, like those found in the Galapagos, can live for well over 100 years.
- Bowhead Whales: These whales are known to live for over 200 years.
However, when considering maximum documented age, the Greenland shark stands out among vertebrates.
