Antibiotic medicines are powerful drugs that fight bacterial infections by killing bacteria or preventing them from multiplying. Here's a breakdown of some common examples:
Common Antibiotics
The following table summarizes some common antibiotics and their uses:
| Antibiotic Name | Mechanism of Action | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Gentamicin | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis | Treats serious bacterial infections |
| Cephalexin | Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis | Treats skin, ear, and urinary tract infections |
| Ertapenem | Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis | Treats severe infections, including abdominal infections |
| Erythromycin | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis | Treats respiratory infections, skin infections |
| Ciprofloxacin | Inhibits bacterial DNA replication | Treats respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections |
| Metronidazole | Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis | Treats anaerobic bacterial infections |
How Antibiotics Work
Antibiotics are designed to target the mechanisms that bacteria need to survive and multiply.
- Killing Bacteria: Some antibiotics work by directly killing bacteria.
- Preventing Multiplication: Other antibiotics halt bacterial growth, allowing the body's immune system to eliminate the infection.
- Specific Targets: Different antibiotics target different parts of bacterial cells, like the cell wall or the protein synthesis machinery.
Considerations When Using Antibiotics
- Prescription Only: Antibiotics are prescription medications. It is crucial to consult a doctor before taking antibiotics.
- Complete the Course: It is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics, as prescribed, even if symptoms improve. Stopping early can lead to antibiotic resistance.
- Side Effects: Some antibiotics may cause side effects.
- Not for Viruses: Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, such as those that cause colds or the flu.
Examples of antibiotics include:
- Gentamicin
- Cephalexin
- Ertapenem
- Erythromycin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Metronidazole
These medications, while effective, must be used responsibly to avoid antibiotic resistance and to maximize their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections.
