What is an example of an antibody?
IgG is a prime example of an antibody.
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are protective proteins produced by your immune system. They are crucial for identifying and neutralizing foreign substances, called antigens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and toxins. Cleveland Clinic describes them as key players in the body's defense mechanisms.
- IgG: The most abundant type of antibody, predominantly found in blood and tissue fluids. Cleveland Clinic highlights its prevalence.
- IgA: Primarily located in mucous membranes (respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts), offering protection against pathogens entering the body through these surfaces. Cleveland Clinic provides this distinction.
- Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs): These are laboratory-produced antibodies designed to target specific antigens, often used in medical treatments like cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Research UK details their role in cancer treatment. Examples include trastuzumab (Herceptin) and rituximab (Mabthera). Cancer Research UK provides these specific examples.
Antibody Function
Antibodies work by binding to specific antigens, which can lead to several outcomes:
- Neutralization of toxins or viruses.
- Opsonization (marking antigens for destruction by other immune cells).
- Activation of the complement system (a cascade of proteins that further enhances immune response).
The structure of an antibody is designed for this function, enabling it to specifically recognize and bind to its target antigen. Britannica provides a broader overview of antibody structure and function.
