Preserving bone artifacts requires careful handling and environmental control to prevent deterioration.
Here's a breakdown of how to preserve bone artifacts:
1. Environmental Control:
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Temperature and Humidity: Bone is sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity (RH). Stable conditions are crucial. Aim for a controlled environment with minimal variations.
- Ideal RH: Generally, maintain an RH between 45% and 55%. Consult with a conservator for specific requirements based on the bone's condition and history.
- Temperature: Keep the temperature relatively stable, avoiding extreme heat or cold.
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Light Exposure: Minimize light exposure, especially ultraviolet (UV) light, as it can cause fading and damage.
- Store artifacts in the dark or use UV-filtering display cases.
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Pollutants and Dust: Protect artifacts from dust, dirt, and pollutants, which can abrade and stain the bone.
- Store artifacts in tightly closed display cases or storage drawers.
- Use acid-free tissue or polyethylene foam for padding and support within storage containers.
- Implement a regular cleaning schedule for the storage area to minimize dust accumulation.
2. Handling and Storage:
- Careful Handling: Always handle bone artifacts with clean, gloved hands (nitrile or cotton) to prevent the transfer of oils and dirt.
- Support and Padding: Provide adequate support to prevent stress and breakage. Use acid-free tissue paper or polyethylene foam to cushion the artifact.
- Appropriate Storage Materials: Avoid using materials that can off-gas or react with the bone. Use acid-free boxes, polyethylene bags, or archival-quality containers.
- Individual Housing: Store artifacts individually to prevent abrasion and damage.
3. Cleaning:
- Dry Cleaning: The first step in cleaning bone artifacts is usually dry cleaning. This involves gently removing loose dirt and dust with a soft brush.
- Wet Cleaning: Wet cleaning should be done cautiously and only when necessary. Use distilled water and a mild, non-ionic detergent. Avoid prolonged soaking. Always consult a conservator before wet cleaning.
- Consolidation: Fragile or deteriorating bone may require consolidation to stabilize it. This involves applying a consolidant, a material that strengthens the bone. This should only be done by a trained conservator.
4. Pest Management:
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Implement an IPM program to prevent insect infestations. Monitor for pests regularly and take appropriate action if necessary. Avoid using harsh pesticides near bone artifacts.
5. Documentation:
- Detailed Records: Maintain detailed records of the artifact's condition, treatment history, and storage environment. Include photographs and descriptions.
Example Scenario:
Imagine you have a 500-year-old bone comb. To preserve it:
- Storage: Place it in a custom-fitted box lined with acid-free tissue paper.
- Environment: Store the box in a dark, climate-controlled room with stable temperature and humidity (around 50% RH).
- Handling: When handling the comb, wear nitrile gloves.
- Cleaning: Gently dust the comb with a soft brush. Avoid wet cleaning unless absolutely necessary and with the guidance of a professional conservator.
When in Doubt, Consult a Professional:
For valuable or fragile bone artifacts, it's always best to consult with a qualified conservator. They can assess the artifact's condition and recommend the most appropriate preservation measures. They can also perform specialized treatments, such as consolidation or repair.
