Subordination in art is a technique artists use to intentionally de-emphasize certain elements within a composition to draw the viewer's attention to the primary subject or focal point. In essence, it's the opposite of emphasis.
How Subordination Works
Artists employ a variety of visual tools to subordinate elements, ensuring they support rather than compete with the main subject. These techniques include:
- Diminished Contrast: Reducing the contrast of color, value (lightness/darkness), or texture in subordinate areas. For example, using muted colors in the background while the main subject has vibrant hues.
- Reduced Detail: Simplifying the details in less important areas. A blurred or less defined background keeps the eye focused on sharper, more detailed elements in the foreground.
- Smaller Scale: Making subordinate elements smaller in size compared to the primary subject, thus diminishing their visual impact.
- Strategic Placement: Positioning less important elements in areas of the composition that are naturally less visually dominant, such as the periphery or corners.
- Repetition and Pattern: Using repetitive elements or patterns in the background that don't compete with the unique and distinct characteristics of the focal point.
- Neutral Colors: Using neutral colors like gray, brown, or muted tones in the subordinate areas to avoid visual competition with the more vibrant colors of the main subject.
Example of Subordination
Imagine a painting of a vibrant red apple sitting on a wooden table. The artist could subordinate the table by:
- Making it a muted brown color.
- Reducing the level of detail in the wood grain.
- Placing it slightly out of focus compared to the apple.
- Using a less dynamic texture for the wood surface.
By doing this, the red apple becomes the clear focal point, drawing the viewer's eye immediately.
Importance of Subordination
Subordination is crucial for creating a clear and effective visual hierarchy within an artwork. Without it, all elements might compete for attention, leading to a confusing and visually overwhelming experience for the viewer. By strategically de-emphasizing certain elements, artists guide the viewer's eye and communicate their intended message with greater clarity and impact.
