Yes, an artificial heart is indeed possible, and in fact, it already exists.
A total artificial heart (TAH) is a mechanical pump designed to replace the native heart when it fails. It is surgically implanted in the chest to take over the function of damaged or diseased heart ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.
How Artificial Hearts Work
The primary function of an artificial heart is to circulate blood throughout the body, mimicking the natural heart's pumping action. Here's a breakdown:
- Replacement: A TAH completely replaces both ventricles of the heart.
- Mechanical Pump: It uses a mechanical pump to move blood.
- External Power: Often, the device is powered by an external console, connected through the skin. This requires careful management to prevent infection.
- Bridging to Transplant: In many cases, a TAH serves as a "bridge to transplant," keeping a patient alive until a donor heart becomes available.
Current Uses and Limitations
While artificial hearts offer a life-saving solution for some patients, they are not without limitations:
- Not a Permanent Solution (Usually): Typically, they are used temporarily while awaiting a heart transplant. However, research is ongoing to develop more permanent solutions.
- Risk of Complications: Complications such as blood clots, infection, and device malfunction can occur.
- Quality of Life: Patients with TAHs require significant medical follow-up and lifestyle adjustments.
Example: The AbioCor TAH
One notable example is the AbioCor TAH, which was among the first completely self-contained artificial hearts. While not widely used today, it paved the way for further advancements in the field.
Future Directions
Research and development in artificial heart technology are focused on:
- Miniaturization: Creating smaller and more efficient devices.
- Biocompatibility: Developing materials that are less likely to cause blood clots or rejection.
- Durability: Increasing the lifespan of artificial hearts.
- Wireless Power: Developing fully implantable devices with wireless power transfer to eliminate percutaneous drivelines and their associated risks.
