What is the definition of parthenogenesis?

Parthenogenesis is a reproductive strategy where a female gamete (sex cell) develops into a new individual without fertilization. This means that an egg develops into an embryo without being fertilized by sperm.

Here's a breakdown:

• Core Concept: Development from an unfertilized female gamete.

• Occurrence:

  • Common in lower plants and invertebrate animals. Examples include:
    • Rotifers
    • Aphids
    • Ants
    • Wasps
    • Bees
  • Rare in higher vertebrates.

• Gender of Offspring: While most parthenogenic offspring are female, it can rarely result in a male.

In essence, parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where the egg cell takes on the role normally fulfilled by a fertilized zygote.