The cells involved in bronchial asthma include a variety of immune cells that contribute to airway inflammation.
Immune Cells in Bronchial Asthma
Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways. This inflammation is driven by a specific set of immune cells. Here's a breakdown of the cells involved:
Key Players in Asthma Inflammation:
- T Cells: These lymphocytes are crucial in coordinating the immune response. Specifically, airway T cells are found in asthmatic airways.
- CD4+ (T helper) Cells: These are a subset of T cells that help regulate immune responses, often driving inflammation in asthma.
- Mast Cells: These cells are located in tissues and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators upon activation.
- Basophils: Similar to mast cells, basophils release inflammatory substances that contribute to asthma symptoms.
- Macrophages: These phagocytic cells engulf foreign materials, but also contribute to inflammation by releasing various mediators.
- Eosinophils: These are granulocytes that release toxic substances and are associated with allergic inflammation.
Summary Table of Cells Involved
| Cell Type | Role in Asthma |
|---|---|
| T Cells | Coordinate the immune response. |
| CD4+ (T helper) Cells | Drive inflammation. |
| Mast Cells | Release inflammatory mediators like histamine. |
| Basophils | Release inflammatory substances. |
| Macrophages | Release inflammatory mediators. |
| Eosinophils | Release toxic substances and cause inflammation. |
How These Cells Interact in Asthma:
- Initial Sensitization: The process of asthma typically begins with sensitization to an allergen. This involves the activation of T helper cells, leading to the production of IgE antibodies.
- Inflammatory Response: When re-exposed to the allergen, IgE antibodies on mast cells are activated, causing the release of histamine and other mediators. This initiates a cascade of inflammation.
- Eosinophil Infiltration: Eosinophils are recruited to the airway and their toxic products cause damage and airway inflammation.
- Chronic Inflammation: The ongoing presence of T cells and other inflammatory cells contributes to the chronic nature of asthma.
The presence and activity of these cells lead to the characteristic symptoms of asthma, including airway narrowing, mucus production, and increased sensitivity to environmental triggers.
