The normal treatment for asthma involves both quick relief and long-term control medications to manage symptoms and prevent asthma attacks.
Asthma treatment focuses on two main goals: relieving symptoms when they occur and preventing future symptoms. This often involves a combination of medications and lifestyle adjustments.
Quick Relief (Rescue) Medications
These medications are used for rapid and short-term relief from asthma symptoms during a flare-up. They work quickly to open up the airways and make breathing easier.
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Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs):
- Examples include albuterol and levalbuterol.
- These are typically delivered via an inhaler.
- They provide quick relief during an asthma attack.
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Anticholinergic agents:
- These can also provide short-term relief.
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Corticosteroids (oral or intravenous):
- Used for short-term relief in more severe asthma exacerbations.
Long-Term Control Medications
These medications are taken daily to prevent asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.
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Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS):
- Reduce inflammation in the airways.
- Taken daily, even when symptoms are not present.
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Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs):
- Open airways for a longer period.
- Always used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids.
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Leukotriene Modifiers:
- Block the action of leukotrienes, which cause airway constriction and inflammation.
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Combination Inhalers:
- Contain both an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta-agonist.
Additional Treatments and Considerations
- Allergy Medications: If allergies trigger asthma, allergy medications like antihistamines or allergy shots may be recommended.
- Asthma Action Plan: Developing a written asthma action plan with your doctor is crucial. This plan outlines daily medication, how to recognize worsening symptoms, and what to do in an emergency.
- Regular Monitoring: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are important to monitor asthma control and adjust treatment as needed.
- Avoiding Triggers: Identifying and avoiding asthma triggers, such as allergens, irritants, and smoke, is essential for managing asthma.
| Medication Type | Purpose | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Short-Acting Beta-Agonist | Quick relief during asthma attacks | Albuterol, Levalbuterol |
| Anticholinergic | Short-term relief | |
| Corticosteroids (oral/IV) | Short-term relief in severe cases |
