Air is a mixture of many gases, with the most abundant ones being nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Other gases present in smaller quantities include carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, and water vapor. Let's explore the composition of air in more detail:
Composition of Air
The following table shows the approximate percentage of various gases present in dry air:
| Gas | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen | 78 |
| Oxygen | 21 |
| Argon | 0.93 |
| Carbon Dioxide | 0.04 |
| Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton, Hydrogen, Water Vapour | Trace amounts |
Major Components
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Nitrogen (N2): Makes up about 78% of the air. It's relatively inert and essential for plant growth (though plants can't directly use it from the air).
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Oxygen (O2): Comprises approximately 21% of the air. Oxygen is vital for respiration in animals and is also used in combustion processes.
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Argon (Ar): Accounts for about 0.93% of the air. Argon is an inert noble gas used in lighting and welding.
Minor Components
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Present at about 0.04%, carbon dioxide plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate and is used by plants during photosynthesis.
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Other Trace Gases: Neon, helium, methane, krypton, and hydrogen are present in very small amounts. These gases have various industrial and scientific applications.
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Water Vapour (H2O): The amount of water vapour in the air varies depending on factors such as temperature and location. It is a key component of the Earth's climate system and is responsible for humidity and precipitation.
