The ozone layer's primary function is to absorb 97% to 99% of the sun's incoming ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. This crucial role protects life on Earth from harmful UV-B radiation, which can damage DNA and disrupt biological processes.
The Importance of Ozone Layer Protection
The ozone layer acts as a shield, preventing the majority of harmful UV-B radiation from reaching the Earth's surface. Without this protection, increased UV-B exposure would lead to:
- Increased rates of skin cancer: UV-B radiation is a major cause of skin cancer in humans.
- Damage to plants and ecosystems: UV-B radiation can harm plant life, affecting photosynthesis and growth. This disruption has cascading effects throughout the food chain.
- Damage to marine life: UV-B radiation can penetrate the ocean's surface, harming aquatic organisms, especially phytoplankton, which are vital components of marine ecosystems.
- Eye damage: UV-B radiation can cause cataracts and other eye problems.
- Weakening of the immune system: Increased exposure to UV-B radiation can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to diseases.
Ozone Layer Depletion and the Montreal Protocol
Human activities, particularly the release of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have historically contributed to ozone layer depletion. The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to phase out the production and consumption of ODS, helping to protect and restore the ozone layer.
