One of the two main causes of atmospheric circulation is inequalities in radiation distribution over the Earth's surface.
Let's break that down further:
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Unequal Heating: The Earth receives varying amounts of solar radiation. The equator receives the most direct sunlight, leading to warmer temperatures. The poles receive sunlight at an angle, resulting in less intense heating and colder temperatures. This temperature difference creates a pressure gradient, which drives wind.
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Pressure Differences: Warm air rises (less dense) and creates areas of low pressure. Cool air sinks (more dense) and creates areas of high pressure. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind. This continuous cycle is a key component of atmospheric circulation.
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Example: Think of a hot air balloon. The air inside the balloon is heated, making it less dense than the surrounding air. This difference in density causes the balloon to rise, just like warm air rising at the equator.
This unequal distribution of solar energy and resulting temperature and pressure differences is a fundamental driver of global wind patterns and overall atmospheric circulation.
