You determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom by finding its atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
Here's a breakdown:
-
Atomic Number: Every element has a unique atomic number, found on the periodic table. This number represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
-
Neutral Atoms: Atoms are electrically neutral when they have an equal number of positive charges (protons) and negative charges (electrons).
-
Ions: If an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes an ion and carries a net electrical charge. This means the number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons. However, the question asks about atoms (presumably neutral atoms).
Therefore, to find the number of electrons in a neutral atom:
- Locate the element on the periodic table.
- Identify its atomic number.
- The atomic number is the number of protons, which is also the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
For example:
- Hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1. Therefore, a neutral hydrogen atom has 1 electron.
- Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8. Therefore, a neutral oxygen atom has 8 electrons.
- Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26. Therefore, a neutral iron atom has 26 electrons.
In summary, for a neutral atom, the number of electrons is the same as its atomic number (which is also the number of protons).
