What is the cofactor of ATP synthase?

The cofactor of ATP synthase is Mg²⁺ (Magnesium ion).

Mg²⁺ Role in ATP Synthase

• Essential for Catalysis: The Mg²⁺ cofactor is crucial for the proper function of ATP synthase.

• Asymmetry of Catalytic Sites: Mg²⁺ is required for the asymmetry of the catalytic sites within ATP synthase. This asymmetry leads to differences in the affinity for nucleotides, which is vital for ATP synthesis.

• Functional Surrogate: Vanadyl (VIVO)²⁺ can act as a functional surrogate for Mg²⁺ in the F1-ATPase. This means it can mimic Mg²⁺'s role, to some extent, in the enzyme's function.