ATP synthase works by using a proton gradient to synthesize ATP. Specifically, it creates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Proton Gradient: A gradient of protons (H+) builds up across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This means there's a higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space compared to the mitochondrial matrix.
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Fo Portion: The Fo portion of ATP synthase acts as a channel through which protons can flow from the intermembrane space into the matrix.
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Energy Conversion: The flow of protons down their concentration gradient releases energy.
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F1 Sector: This energy is then used in the F1 sector of ATP synthase to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The F1 sector is where the actual ATP production takes place.
In summary, ATP synthase harnesses the energy stored in a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP. The protons flow through the Fo portion, and this movement powers the F1 sector, which then produces ATP.
