Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) is believed to be caused by an autoimmune reaction. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks a protein called glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which is crucial for producing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve signals. This attack disrupts the balance of neurotransmitters, leading to the characteristic muscle stiffness and spasms.
Understanding the Autoimmune Nature of SPS
Multiple sources confirm the autoimmune nature of SPS. While the exact cause remains unknown, the prevailing theory centers on a malfunctioning immune system. Researchers strongly suspect this autoimmune response is the underlying mechanism triggering the symptoms.
- Immune System Attack: The immune system targets GAD, a protein essential for GABA production.
- GABA Deficiency: The disruption of GAD leads to a GABA deficiency, impacting nerve signal inhibition.
- Muscle Stiffness and Spasms: This imbalance results in the hallmark symptoms of SPS: muscle stiffness, rigidity, and recurring spasms.
Multiple reputable sources, including the Cleveland Clinic, Yale Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) all point towards an autoimmune mechanism as the most likely cause of SPS, although further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis.
