The full form of RTU is Remote Terminal Unit.
An RTU is essentially a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a control system, most often a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Think of it as a small computer deployed in the field to collect data from sensors and control local equipment based on commands from a central control room.
Here's a breakdown of its key aspects:
- Function: An RTU monitors field instruments and transmits data back to a central control system. It can also execute control commands received from the central system to operate equipment remotely.
- Components: Typically includes a microprocessor, communication interfaces (e.g., serial, Ethernet), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital input/output (I/O) modules, and a power supply.
- Applications: RTUs are widely used in industries such as:
- Utilities: Monitoring and control of power grids, water distribution networks, and gas pipelines.
- Manufacturing: Automating processes and collecting data from machines and sensors.
- Oil & Gas: Monitoring wellheads, pipelines, and storage facilities.
- Transportation: Controlling traffic signals, monitoring railway systems, and managing transportation networks.
- Communication: RTUs communicate with the central control system using various communication protocols, such as Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101/104.
- Key features:
- Data Acquisition: Gathers information from sensors and instruments.
- Remote Control: Executes commands from a central location.
- Communication: Transmits data and receives commands.
- Local Processing: Can perform some local processing and control functions even if communication with the central system is lost.
In essence, an RTU acts as a crucial link between the physical world and the digital control system, enabling remote monitoring and control of critical infrastructure and processes.
