A commercial airplane can typically fly for around 30 years before being retired.
While the age of an aircraft is a factor, its lifespan is more accurately measured in terms of pressurization cycles. Each flight cycle, from takeoff to landing, pressurizes the cabin, placing stress on the fuselage and wings. This constant pressurization and depressurization leads to metal fatigue over time.
Here's a breakdown:
- Pressurization Cycles: Aircraft manufacturers design planes to withstand a certain number of pressurization cycles. This is a more critical factor than chronological age.
- Metal Fatigue: The repeated stress of pressurization weakens the metal components of the aircraft over time. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to detect and address metal fatigue.
- Maintenance and Inspections: Airlines perform rigorous maintenance checks to ensure the aircraft's airworthiness. These checks become more frequent and extensive as the aircraft ages.
- Retirement: When the cost of maintaining an older aircraft outweighs the benefits, or when it approaches its maximum number of pressurization cycles, it is typically retired.
- Economic factors: An aging plane may have reduced fuel efficiency compared to newer models, leading to increased operational costs and contributing to retirement.
Therefore, while 30 years is a common benchmark, the actual lifespan can vary depending on the aircraft model, its usage, and the airline's maintenance practices.
