Lower back pain is incredibly common, affecting a significant portion of the population at some point in their lives. The most frequent cause is a strain or injury to the muscles and ligaments supporting your back. This often arises from sudden movements or overuse.
Common Causes of Lower Back Pain:
- Muscle Strain/Ligament Sprain: This is the most common cause, often resulting from lifting heavy objects improperly, sudden twisting movements, or prolonged periods of poor posture. [Source: Cleveland Clinic, Houston Methodist]
- Arthritis: Degenerative changes in the spine's joints can lead to pain and stiffness. [Source: Cleveland Clinic]
- Structural Problems: Problems with the spine's structure, such as scoliosis or spinal stenosis, can contribute to lower back pain. [Source: Cleveland Clinic]
- Disc Injuries: Herniated or bulging discs can irritate nerves, causing pain that radiates down the leg (sciatica). [Source: Cleveland Clinic, NYSI]
- Postural Stress: Poor posture, whether from prolonged sitting, standing, or repetitive movements, puts extra strain on the back muscles and can cause pain. [Source: UCLA Health, NYSI]
- Pregnancy: Weight gain and changes in the body's center of gravity during pregnancy commonly lead to back pain. [Source: Mayo Clinic]
- Barometric Pressure and Temperature Changes: Some individuals experience increased pain in arthritic joints due to fluctuations in these factors. [Source: Johns Hopkins Medicine]
When to Seek Medical Attention:
While many instances of lower back pain resolve with rest and self-care, consult a doctor if:
- The pain is severe or doesn't improve after a few weeks.
- The pain radiates down your leg.
- You experience numbness or weakness in your leg or foot.
- You have a fever or unexplained weight loss.
Treatment Options:
Treatment depends on the underlying cause but often involves:
- Rest: Avoiding activities that aggravate the pain.
- Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen core muscles and improve posture.
- Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers (like ibuprofen) or prescription medications for more severe pain.
