Cat scratch disease (CSD) is not caused by a virus but by the bacteria Bartonella henselae ( B. henselae). CSD is usually contracted from a scratch or bite from a cat carrying this bacteria.
Understanding Cat Scratch Disease (CSD)
While commonly referred to as "cat scratch fever" or "cat scratch disease," it's crucial to understand that the Bartonella henselae bacteria, and not a virus, is the culprit. Here's a breakdown:
Cause
- Bartonella henselae: This is the bacterium responsible for CSD.
- Transmission: Usually through a scratch or bite from an infected cat. Cats, especially kittens, can carry the bacteria without showing any signs of illness. Fleas can transmit B. henselae among cats.
Symptoms
Symptoms of CSD typically include:
- Swollen lymph nodes: Particularly near the site of the scratch or bite.
- Papules: Small, raised bumps on the skin at the site of infection.
- Fever: A mild fever is common.
- Fatigue: Feeling tired or run-down.
- Headache: Headaches may occur.
- Less common symptoms: These can include muscle aches, joint pain, and, in rare cases, more serious complications affecting the brain, eyes, heart, or other internal organs.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of CSD usually involves:
- Physical examination: A doctor will examine the affected area and lymph nodes.
- Medical history: Discussing any recent cat scratches or bites.
- Blood tests: Tests can detect antibodies to B. henselae.
Treatment
Treatment for CSD typically includes:
- Observation: Mild cases often resolve on their own without treatment.
- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage fever and discomfort.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed for more severe cases or in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Prevention
Preventing CSD involves:
- Avoiding scratches and bites from cats: Exercise caution when handling cats, especially kittens.
- Washing scratches and bites immediately: Thoroughly clean any scratches or bites with soap and water.
- Flea control: Keeping cats free of fleas can help prevent the spread of B. henselae.
- Proper hand hygiene: Washing hands after playing with cats.
In summary, CSD is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae, primarily transmitted through cat scratches or bites, and not by a virus. It typically results in swollen lymph nodes, skin lesions, and fever.
