VRSA infection refers to an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have become resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Staphylococcus aureus, often called "staph," is a common bacterium found on the skin and in the noses of healthy individuals. While often harmless, staph can cause infections if it enters the body through a cut, wound, or other breach in the skin. Most staph infections are easily treated with antibiotics. However, some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have developed resistance to certain antibiotics, making them harder to treat.
Vancomycin is a powerful antibiotic typically used to treat serious staph infections, especially those resistant to other antibiotics like methicillin (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus strains that are resistant to vancomycin are known as Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA).
Because vancomycin is often a last-line defense against staph infections, VRSA infections are of significant concern. They are difficult to treat and can lead to serious complications, including:
- Bloodstream infections (bacteremia): Can spread throughout the body and lead to sepsis.
- Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs.
- Skin and soft tissue infections: Can be severe and require extensive treatment.
- Bone infections (osteomyelitis): Difficult to treat and can cause chronic pain.
VRSA infections are relatively rare. They typically occur in people who:
- Have underlying health conditions.
- Have a history of MRSA infection.
- Have been previously treated with vancomycin.
- Have had prolonged hospital stays.
- Have indwelling medical devices, such as catheters.
Prevention of VRSA:
Preventing the spread of VRSA involves strict adherence to infection control practices, including:
- Hand hygiene: Frequent handwashing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
- Contact precautions: Wearing gloves and gowns when caring for infected individuals.
- Environmental cleaning: Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces in healthcare settings.
- Antibiotic stewardship: Using antibiotics responsibly and only when necessary.
VRSA infections are a serious threat, highlighting the importance of responsible antibiotic use and stringent infection control measures to prevent their spread.
