Breaths are delivered using a bag-mask device, also known as a manual resuscitator or Ambu bag, by manually squeezing a self-inflating bag while a mask is held firmly over the patient's face to create a seal.
This process provides artificial ventilation to individuals who are not breathing or are not breathing adequately. The mechanism is straightforward:
- Mechanism: As stated in the reference, With the mask pressed over the patient's airway, air is forced into the lungs by squeezing the bag. This action pushes air (or oxygen-enriched air) through the mask and into the patient's respiratory tract.
- Refilling: The bag then refills itself with air when released, allowing it to return to its original shape. This allows the operator to prepare for the next breath delivery.
Key Steps for Delivering Breaths
Effective bag-mask ventilation requires proper technique to ensure air reaches the lungs and is not diverted elsewhere (like the stomach).
- Ensure Airway Patency: Position the head (e.g., head-tilt/chin-lift) to open the airway.
- Select Proper Mask Size: Use a mask that fits over the mouth and nose without gaps.
- Create a Tight Seal: Hold the mask firmly over the patient's face, often using an 'E-C' clamp technique with your hand.
- Squeeze the Bag: Compress the bag smoothly and fully to deliver a breath.
- Observe Chest Rise: Watch for visible rise and fall of the chest, indicating air is entering the lungs.
- Release the Bag: Allow the bag to reinflate before the next breath.
- Maintain Rate: Deliver breaths at an appropriate rate (e.g., typically 10-12 breaths per minute for adults, faster for infants/children), watching for chest rise with each breath.
Components of a Bag-Mask Device
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Self-Inflating Bag | Compressed to deliver air; reinflates automatically. |
| Mask | Forms a seal over the patient's nose and mouth. |
| Patient Valve | Directs air flow towards the patient. |
| Air Inlet Valve | Allows air (or oxygen) to enter the bag. |
| Oxygen Port | Connects to an oxygen source for enrichment. |
| Reservoir Bag | (Optional) Holds oxygen to increase concentration delivered. |
Bag-mask devices are vital tools in emergency medical situations, enabling temporary support for ventilation.
Using the device effectively requires training to ensure a proper seal, adequate volume, and correct rate of ventilation, minimizing complications.
