There are primarily two types of battery connections: series connection and parallel connection.
These methods allow you to increase either the voltage or the capacity (and therefore run time) of a battery system, or both if combined strategically. While most battery chemistries can be used with either connection type, sealed lead acid (SLA) batteries have been a popular choice for creating larger battery banks.
Here's a breakdown of each type:
Series Connection
- What it does: Increases voltage while maintaining the same capacity (amp-hours).
- How it works: Batteries are connected end-to-end, positive terminal of one battery to the negative terminal of the next.
- Example: If you connect two 12V batteries in series, you get a 24V system. The amp-hour rating remains the same.
- Applications: High-voltage applications, such as powering inverters or electric vehicles.
Parallel Connection
- What it does: Increases capacity (amp-hours) while maintaining the same voltage.
- How it works: Batteries are connected side-by-side, positive to positive and negative to negative.
- Example: If you connect two 12V batteries in parallel, you still have a 12V system, but the amp-hour rating is doubled.
- Applications: Increasing runtime for devices, such as solar power systems or uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).
The table below summarizes the differences:
| Feature | Series Connection | Parallel Connection |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage | Increases | Remains the same |
| Capacity (Ah) | Remains the same | Increases |
| Connection | Positive to Negative | Positive to Positive, Negative to Negative |
| Primary Use | Higher Voltage Systems | Extended Runtime Systems |
When connecting batteries, it is crucial to use batteries of the same voltage, capacity, and ideally, the same brand and age. Mixing different batteries can lead to imbalances, reduced performance, and even damage. Properly sized fuses and wiring are also essential for safety and optimal performance in both series and parallel connections.
