Yes, a 17 year old can have a beard.
The development of facial hair varies greatly among individuals, and a 17 year old is certainly within the age range where beard growth is possible, and even common. The onset and extent of beard growth are influenced by several factors, primarily genetics and hormone levels.
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Genetics: A family history of facial hair plays a significant role. If a 17 year old's father or other male relatives have beards, they are more likely to develop one as well. The genes inherited from parents largely determine hair follicle sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone crucial for facial hair development.
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Hormone Levels: Testosterone and DHT are key hormones in developing secondary male characteristics, including facial hair. Hormone levels fluctuate during puberty. Some individuals experience an earlier surge in these hormones than others, leading to earlier beard growth.
Therefore, while some 17 year olds may have a full, thick beard, others may have minimal or no facial hair. It is entirely dependent on their individual biological factors. It's also important to note that beard development can continue well into the early to mid-twenties.