Couples use a wide variety of birth control methods, ranging from barrier methods to hormonal options and permanent solutions.
Here's a breakdown of common birth control methods used by couples:
Barrier Methods:
- Condoms (Male and Female): These are the only methods that also offer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Male condoms are more widely available.
- Diaphragm: A reusable silicone cup inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. Requires a prescription and spermicide.
- Cervical Cap: Similar to a diaphragm but smaller. Also requires a prescription and spermicide.
- Spermicide: Chemicals that kill sperm. Often used with other barrier methods.
Hormonal Methods:
- Birth Control Pills: Oral contraceptives containing hormones to prevent ovulation. Require a prescription and consistent daily use.
- Birth Control Patch: A transdermal patch that releases hormones into the bloodstream. Replaced weekly.
- Vaginal Ring: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones. Replaced monthly.
- Birth Control Shot (Depo-Provera): An injection of hormones given every three months.
- Birth Control Implant (Nexplanon): A small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm that releases hormones for up to three years.
- Hormonal IUD (Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, Skyla): A T-shaped device inserted into the uterus that releases hormones for several years.
Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC):
- Hormonal IUD (Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, Skyla): Already mentioned above.
- Copper IUD (ParaGard): A T-shaped device inserted into the uterus that does not contain hormones. Effective for up to 10 years.
- Birth Control Implant (Nexplanon): Already mentioned above.
Permanent Methods (Sterilization):
- Vasectomy (for men): A surgical procedure to cut or block the vas deferens, preventing sperm from being released.
- Tubal Ligation (for women): A surgical procedure to cut or block the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus.
Other Methods:
- Fertility Awareness Methods (FAM): Tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to identify fertile days and avoid intercourse during those times. Requires careful tracking and consistency.
- Withdrawal Method (Pulling Out): Removing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation. Not a very reliable method.
- Emergency Contraception (Plan B, Ella): Pills that can be taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Most effective when taken as soon as possible.
Factors Influencing Choice:
The best birth control method for a couple depends on several factors, including:
- Effectiveness: How well the method prevents pregnancy.
- Ease of Use: How easy the method is to use correctly.
- Side Effects: Potential side effects of the method.
- Cost: The cost of the method, including initial cost and ongoing expenses.
- Protection Against STIs: Whether the method also protects against sexually transmitted infections.
- Personal Preferences: Individual preferences and values.
- Health Conditions: Any underlying health conditions that may make certain methods unsuitable.
- Future Pregnancy Plans: If and when the couple plans to have children.
Couples should discuss their options with a healthcare provider to determine the best birth control method for their individual needs and circumstances.
