Babies have cleft lips because the lip doesn't form properly during early pregnancy, leading to a split or gap in the upper lip. These are known as orofacial clefts.
Orofacial clefts, including cleft lip (with or without cleft palate), are among the most common birth defects. They occur when the tissues that form the lip and/or palate don't join completely during fetal development.
Causes of Cleft Lip
While the exact cause isn't always known, several factors can contribute to the development of a cleft lip:
- Genetic Factors: A family history of cleft lip or palate increases the risk. Specific genes have been identified that are associated with these conditions.
- Environmental Factors: Certain environmental exposures during pregnancy can increase the risk, including:
- Smoking
- Alcohol consumption
- Certain medications (e.g., some anti-seizure drugs)
- Nutrient deficiencies (e.g., folic acid)
- Syndromes: Cleft lip can sometimes be a part of a larger genetic syndrome.
Treatment for Cleft Lip
Fortunately, cleft lip is typically treatable. Most babies with cleft lips undergo surgery to repair the split, usually within the first few months of life. These surgeries aim to:
- Close the gap in the lip
- Improve appearance
- Improve feeding and speech
Additional surgeries or therapies may be needed as the child grows to address related issues, such as speech problems or dental alignment.
