Leukocytosis refers to an increase in white blood cells (WBCs), while neutropenia refers to a decrease in neutrophils, a specific type of white blood cell. Although they both involve white blood cells, they are opposite conditions.
Here's a breakdown:
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Leukocytosis: Characterized by an elevated total white blood cell count. This condition generally indicates the body's response to infection, inflammation, or other conditions.
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Neutropenia: Characterized by a low count of neutrophils. Neutrophils are essential for fighting off bacterial infections. According to the reference material, a person has neutropenia when the ANC (absolute neutrophil count) is less than 1.9 x 109/L. Neutropenia increases the risk of infection.
Key Differences Summarized
| Feature | Leukocytosis | Neutropenia |
|---|---|---|
| WBC Count | Increased | Typically decreased, but not always required |
| Neutrophil Count | May be normal or elevated | Decreased (ANC < 1.9 x 109/L) |
| Condition | Elevated overall white blood cell count | Low number of neutrophils |
| Risk | May indicate infection or inflammation | Increased risk of infection |
Important Considerations
While a low WBC count (leukopenia) often correlates with neutropenia, they are distinct. The provided reference states: A person has leukopenia when the total WBC count is less than 3.0 x 109/L. The neutrophil count usually decreases with the WBC count, but it is possible to have a normal WBC count and still have neutropenia. This emphasizes that neutropenia focuses specifically on the neutrophil count, irrespective of the total WBC count.
