The primary blood test used to indicate Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) is the Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential. This test provides crucial information about the various types of blood cells circulating in your body.
Understanding the Complete Blood Count (CBC)
A complete blood count (CBC) with differential is a foundational procedure in diagnosing potential blood disorders like MDS. As stated in the reference, this test involves drawing a sample of blood which is then analyzed to check for several key components:
- The number of red blood cells: These cells carry oxygen throughout the body.
- The number of platelets: These small cells help blood clot and stop bleeding.
- The number and type of white blood cells: These cells are part of the immune system and help fight infection.
How CBC Results Indicate MDS
In individuals with MDS, the bone marrow doesn't produce healthy, mature blood cells properly. This often leads to a shortage of one or more types of blood cells in the circulation. The CBC test indicates potential MDS when it reveals abnormally low counts of red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), or platelets (thrombocytopenia). It might also show abnormalities in the appearance or types of white blood cells.
While the CBC is a strong indicator, it's important to note that abnormal counts can also be caused by other conditions. Therefore, further tests, such as a bone marrow biopsy, are typically needed to confirm an MDS diagnosis.
Key Blood Components Checked in a CBC
Here's a summary of what the CBC specifically assesses, based on the reference:
| Blood Component | What is Checked? |
|---|---|
| Red Blood Cells | The number of red blood cells |
| Platelets | The number of platelets |
| White Blood Cells | The number and type of white blood cells |
Observing low levels or unusual characteristics of these components in the CBC is the initial sign that prompts investigation for conditions like MDS.
