Blood thickening, or increased blood viscosity, isn't a single condition but a symptom of several underlying issues. The primary cause lies in an imbalance of blood components, particularly an increased concentration of cells, proteins, or both.
Key Causes of Thick Blood
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Polycythemia Vera: This is a rare type of blood cancer where the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells, making the blood significantly thicker. Mayo Clinic describes it as the bone marrow creating an excessive amount of red blood cells. This increased red blood cell count directly contributes to blood thickening. Johns Hopkins Medicine further explains that this thicker blood impairs blood flow and increases the risk of blood clots.
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Irregularly Shaped Red Blood Cells: Cleveland Clinic highlights that abnormally shaped red blood cells can also increase blood viscosity. These cells may not flow as smoothly, leading to thicker blood.
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Imbalance of Proteins and Cells: A general disruption in the balance of proteins and cells within the blood can lead to increased thickness. Healthline explains this imbalance as a form of hypercoagulability, increasing the risk of blood clots.
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Dehydration: While not a disease itself, severe dehydration concentrates the blood components, making it relatively thicker. This is a temporary condition easily remedied by rehydration.
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Other Factors: Several other conditions and factors can contribute to elevated blood viscosity, including certain cancers, pregnancy, smoking, obesity, and prolonged immobility (such as long plane or car trips). Hematology.org provides a list of risk factors associated with blood clots, many of which indirectly contribute to blood thickening.
Consequences of Thick Blood
Thick blood significantly increases the risk of serious health problems, primarily blood clots. These clots can lead to strokes, heart attacks, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and other tissue or organ damage. Medical News Today mentions that blood clots are a significant concern associated with thick blood. The formation of these clots restricts blood flow, potentially resulting in severe complications.
