The scientific name for blood type is actually the ABO blood group system.
Understanding the ABO Blood Group System
The ABO blood group system is the primary way we classify human blood. This system is based on specific inherited traits related to red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes. These cells carry special markers, or antigens, on their surface. The most important antigens in this system are A and B. The presence or absence of these antigens determines a person's blood type:
- Type A: Individuals have the A antigen on their red blood cells.
- Type B: Individuals have the B antigen on their red blood cells.
- Type AB: Individuals have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells.
- Type O: Individuals have neither A nor B antigens on their red blood cells.
Key Components of the ABO System
Here is a table summarizing the ABO blood group system:
| Blood Type | Antigens on Red Blood Cells |
|---|---|
| A | A |
| B | B |
| AB | A and B |
| O | Neither A nor B |
How the ABO System is Used
The ABO blood group system is crucial for blood transfusions and organ transplants. Incompatible blood types can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening reactions. Therefore, healthcare professionals must accurately determine a patient's blood type before any medical procedure requiring blood products.
Inherited Characteristics
The ABO system is based on hereditary characteristics. Therefore, your blood type is inherited from your parents. The genes you inherit determine which antigens your blood cells express.
